Constants and schemas

• EAGAIN, EINPROGRESS, EINTR, and EWOULDBLOCK: common error constants.
• F_SETFD and FD_CLOEXEC: file-descriptor control constants.
• SIGKILL and WNOHANG: signal and wait constants.
• O_NONBLOCK: nonblocking file-descriptor flag.
• CLOCK_MONOTONIC and CLOCK_BOOTTIME: clock identifiers.
• WEXITSTATUS and WIFEXITED: wait-status decoding helpers.
• long, time_t, and clockid_t: scalar aliases used by the remaining declarations.
• stack_t, sigset_t, timespec, and itimerspec: stack, signal-mask, and timer schemas.
• ucontext_t and its dependent internal schemas describe platform context-switching state.

Examples

"linux/posix" use
"control" use

{} () {} [
  EINTR printStack _:;
  WNOHANG printStack _:;
  CLOCK_MONOTONIC printStack _:;
  timespec fieldCount printStack _:;
  itimerspec 1 fieldName printStack _:;
] "main" exportFunction

Expected Output During Compilation

4
1
1
2
"it_value"

Descriptor and context model

• File descriptors and process identifiers are exposed directly as Int32 values.
• WIFEXITED and WEXITSTATUS decode the raw status value returned by waitpid.
• pipe fills one {in out} descriptor pair.
• fcntl is variadic because some commands use only fildes and cmd, while others require an additional argument.
• makecontext is variadic because argc describes additional arguments passed to the target function after the fixed parameters.
• makecontext.func is one raw function address declared as Natx.
• ucontext_t and its internal dependent schemas select one 64-bit or 32-bit layout according to pointer-size storage while keeping the visible names stable.

Arguments, workflow, and results

• execvp.file and execvp.argv are raw addresses declared as Natx.
• read.buffer and write.buffer are raw buffer addresses, and size is the requested byte count.
• pipe.filedes is caller-owned descriptor-pair storage passed by reference and filled by the call.
• fork creates one child execution branch.
• execvp replaces the current process image with one new executable image.
• waitpid observes child completion and stores one raw wait status.
• kill sends one signal to one process identifier.
• clock_gettime, close, fcntl, pipe, getcontext, kill, makecontext, and swapcontext return Int32-based status results.
• read and write return Intx transfer counts.
• fork and waitpid return process-identifier or wait-result values.
• Descriptors returned by pipe remain caller-owned and are released with close when they are no longer needed.
• read and write do not transfer descriptor or buffer ownership.
• getcontext, makecontext, and swapcontext operate on caller-owned ucontext_t storage.
• Error-number access for failing calls is provided separately.

Imported functions

• clock_gettime: obtains clock time in one timespec.
• close, fcntl, pipe, read, and write: descriptor and pipe functions.
• fork, execvp, kill, and waitpid: process lifecycle functions.
• getcontext, makecontext, and swapcontext: user-context switching helpers.

Signature examples

Printing imported names during compilation shows exact imported signatures for representative declarations.

"linux/posix" use
"control" use

{} Int32 {} [
  @clock_gettime printStack _:;
  @fcntl printStack _:;
  @pipe printStack _:;
  @waitpid printStack _:;
  @write printStack _:;
  0
] "main" exportFunction

Expected Output During Compilation

{clk_id: Int32; tp: {tv_sec: Intx; tv_nsec: Intx;} Ref;} Int32 {convention: "";} codeRef
{fildes: Int32; cmd: Int32;} Int32 {convention: ""; variadic: TRUE;} codeRef
{filedes: {in: Int32; out: Int32;} Ref;} Int32 {convention: "";} codeRef
{pid: Int32; wstatus: Int32 Ref; options: Int32;} Int32 {convention: "";} codeRef
{fd: Int32; buf: Natx; count: Natx;} Intx {convention: "";} codeRef

Examples

Pipe round-trip

"linux/posix" use
"String" use
"control" use

{} Int32 {} [
  fds: {in: Int32; out: Int32;};
  pipeResult: @fds pipe;
  bytesWritten: 1nx "A" storageAddress fds.out new write;
  byte: 0n8;
  bytesRead: 1nx @byte storageAddress fds.in new read;
  closeIn: fds.in new close;
  closeOut: fds.out new close;
  ("pipe=" pipeResult LF
   "written=" bytesWritten LF
   "read=" bytesRead LF
   "byte=" byte LF
   "closeIn=" closeIn LF
   "closeOut=" closeOut LF) printList
  0
] "main" exportFunction

Expected Output

pipe=0
written=1
read=1
byte=65
closeIn=0
closeOut=0

See also

• linux/errno · macos/errno · windows/errno: Accessor for platform error-number storage.
• linux/linux: Linux epoll and timerfd declarations.
• linux/Process · windows/Process: Cross-platform process wrapper with explicit creation, waiting, and termination helpers.
• linux/runningTime · windows/runningTime: Elapsed-time helper built on platform timing APIs.
• linux/socket: Linux socket declarations, constants, address schemas, and imported functions.