Constants

• AF_INET: IPv4 address family.
• SOCK_STREAM: stream socket kind.
• IPPROTO_TCP: TCP protocol selector.
• SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, SO_REUSEADDR, and TCP_NODELAY: socket and TCP option identifiers.
• SHUT_WR: shutdown selector for the write direction.
• F_GETFL and F_SETFL: file-status command identifiers commonly used together with fcntl.
• INADDR_ANY: wildcard IPv4 address constant.
• INVALID_SOCKET: invalid descriptor marker.
• MSG_NOSIGNAL: send flag that suppresses signal delivery.
• SOMAXCONN: listen-backlog upper bound constant.

Constant example

"linux/socket" use
"control" use

{} () {} [
  AF_INET printStack _:;
  SOCK_STREAM printStack _:;
  SHUT_WR printStack _:;
  INADDR_ANY printStack _:;
] "main" exportFunction

Expected Output During Compilation

2
1
1
0n32

Address and lookup schemas

• addrinfo: address-resolution result node with family, type, protocol, length, and pointer-shaped fields.
• in_addr: IPv4 address storage schema.
• sockaddr: generic socket-address wrapper with one family field and raw address bytes.
• sockaddr_in: IPv4 socket-address schema with family, port, address, and zero padding.
• socklen_t: socket-length schema.

Schema example

"linux/socket" use
"control" use

{} () {} [
  sockaddr_in fieldCount printStack _:;
  addrinfo 0 fieldName printStack _:;
] "main" exportFunction

Expected Output During Compilation

4
"ai_flags"

Socket and address model

• socket and accept return plain Int32 descriptors.
• Socket descriptors follow the same close and descriptor-control path as other POSIX descriptors, through close and fcntl.
• sockaddr_in.sin_port and sockaddr_in.sin_addr are passed to imported socket functions in network byte order.
• htons and htonl convert host-order port and IPv4 values before those fields are assigned, and ntohl converts IPv4 addresses back to host order.
• getaddrinfo consumes raw zero-terminated node and service pointers together with one borrowed addrinfo Cref hint object.
• getaddrinfo writes the head pointer of the returned addrinfo list through res, and freeaddrinfo releases that whole linked list.

Arguments and results

• accept.addr and accept.addrlen are caller-owned writable storage. accept may write the peer address into addr and the actual byte size into addrlen.
• bind.addr and connect.addr are borrowed read-only address references whose byte size is supplied by the corresponding addrlen argument.
• recv.buf and send.buf are raw byte pointers, and len is the requested or transferred byte count.
• setsockopt.option_value is one borrowed raw pointer to caller-owned option bytes, and option_len is that byte count.
• getsockopt.option_value and getsockopt.option_len are caller-owned writable storage for returned option bytes and the resulting byte count.
• socket and accept report their result through the returned descriptor value, with INVALID_SOCKET as the invalid-descriptor sentinel.
• bind, connect, listen, shutdown, setsockopt, and getsockopt return Int32 status results.
• send and recv return Intx transfer counts. -1ix reports failure, and recv returning 0ix on a stream socket reports peer closure.
• getaddrinfo returns one Int32 result code and writes the head pointer of the result list through res.
• Successful socket and accept results are descriptors released with close when they are no longer needed.
• freeaddrinfo releases the linked address-resolution result list returned by getaddrinfo.
• Error-number access for failing calls other than getaddrinfo is provided separately.

Connection workflow

• The client connection sequence is socket, then connect, then send and recv, optionally followed by shutdown.
• The listening server sequence is socket, optional setsockopt, bind, listen, and then accept.
• Accepted descriptors use the same send, recv, and shutdown operations as directly connected descriptors.

Imported functions

• accept, bind, connect, listen, shutdown, and socket: socket lifecycle and connection operations.
• recv and send: stream receive and send operations.
• setsockopt and getsockopt: socket option access.
• getaddrinfo and freeaddrinfo: address-resolution helpers.
• htonl, htons, and ntohl: host/network byte-order conversions.

Signature examples

Printing imported names during compilation shows the exact imported signatures.

"linux/socket" use
"control" use

{} Int32 {} [
  @getaddrinfo printStack _:;
  @recv printStack _:;
  @socket printStack _:;
  0
] "main" exportFunction

Expected Output During Compilation

{node: Natx; service: Natx; hints: {ai_flags: Int32; ai_family: Int32; ai_socktype: Int32; ai_protocol: Int32; ai_addrlen: Natx; ai_addr: Natx; ai_canonname: Natx; ai_next: Natx;} Cref; res: Natx;} Int32 {convention: "";} codeRef
{sockfd: Int32; buf: Natx; len: Natx; flags: Int32;} Intx {convention: "";} codeRef
{domain: Int32; type: Int32; protocol: Int32;} Int32 {convention: "";} codeRef

Examples

Byte-order helpers can be demonstrated without external networking state.

Byte-order helpers

"linux/socket" use
"String" use
"control" use

{} Int32 {} [
  (0x01020304n32 htonl ntohl 0x01020304n32 = toString LF) printList
  0
] "main" exportFunction

Expected Output

TRUE

Descriptor creation example

"linux/socket" use
"linux/posix" use
"String" use
"control" use

{} Int32 {} [
  sock: AF_INET SOCK_STREAM IPPROTO_TCP socket;
  ("created=" sock 0 < ~ LF
   "close=" sock close 0 = LF) printList
  0
] "main" exportFunction

Expected Output

created=TRUE
close=TRUE

See also

• linux/errno · macos/errno · windows/errno: Accessor for platform error-number storage.
• linux/posix: POSIX process, timing, descriptor, and context declarations used by Linux support modules.
• sync/sync: Cross-platform scheduling, sleep, time, IPv4 formatting, and TCP helpers.
• sync/TcpAcceptor: Listening TCP acceptor with address reporting and accepted connection creation.
• sync/TcpConnection: Connected TCP stream with buffered read, string read, write, and shutdown operations.
• windows/ws2_32: Winsock2 declarations for sockets, overlapped I/O, and address-resolution helpers.